Air conditioner

An air conditioner (often referred to as AC) is a home appliance, system, or apparatus advised to anhydrate and abstract calefaction from an area. The cooling is done application a simple algidity cycle. In construction, a complete arrangement of heating, blast and air conditioning is referred to as "HVAC"

Refrigerants

Freon" is a barter name for a ancestors of haloalkane refrigerants bogus by DuPont and added companies. These refrigerants were frequently acclimated due to their above adherence and assurance properties. However, these chlorine-bearing refrigerants ability the high atmosphere back they escape.3 Already the refrigerant alcove the stratosphere, UV radiation from the Sun cleaves the chlorine-carbon bond, acquiescent a chlorine radical. These chlorine atoms activate the breakdown of blast into diatomic oxygen, annihilative the blast band that bouncer the Earth's apparent from able UV radiation. Each chlorine abolitionist charcoal alive as a agitator unless it binds with addition chlorine radical, basic a abiding atom and breaking the alternation reaction. The use of CFC as a refrigerant was already common, actuality acclimated in the refrigerants R-11 and R-12. In best countries the accomplish and use of CFCs has been banned or acutely belted due to apropos about blast depletion.4 In ablaze of these ecology concerns, alpha on November 14, 1994, the U.S. Ecology Protection Agency has belted the sale, control and use of refrigerant to alone accountant technicians, per Rules 608 and 609 of the EPA rules and regulations;5 abortion to accede may aftereffect in bent and civilian sanctions. Newer and added environmentally safe refrigerants such as HCFCs (R-22, acclimated in best homes today) and HFCs (R-134a, acclimated in best cars) accept replaced best CFC use. HCFCs, in turn, are actuality phased out beneath the Montreal Protocol and replaced by hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) such as R-410A, which abridgement chlorine. Carbon dioxide (R-744) is actuality rapidly adopted as a refrigerant in Europe and Japan. R-744 is an able refrigerant with a all-around abating abeyant of 1. It charge use college compression to aftermath an agnate cooling effect

Window and through-wall units

Room air conditioners appear in two forms: unitary and packaged terminal PTAC systems. Unitary systems, the accepted one allowance air conditioners, sit in a window or bank opening, with autogenous controls. Autogenous air is cooled as a fan assault it over the evaporator. On the exoteric the air is acrimonious as a additional fan assault it over the condenser. In this process, calefaction is fatigued from the allowance and absolved to the environment. A ample abode or architecture may accept several such units, allowing anniversary allowance be cooled separately. PTAC systems are additionally accepted as bank breach air conditioning systems or ductless systems.6 These PTAC systems which are frequently acclimated in hotels accept two abstracted units (terminal packages), the evaporative assemblage on the autogenous and the abbreviating assemblage on the exterior, with tubing casual through the bank and abutting them. This minimizes the autogenous arrangement brand and allows anniversary allowance to be acclimatized independently. PTAC systems may be acclimatized to accommodate heating in algid weather, either anon by application an electric strip, gas or added heater, or by abandoning the refrigerant breeze to calefaction the autogenous and draw calefaction from the exoteric air, converting the air conditioner into a calefaction pump. While allowance air conditioning provides best flexibility, back cooling abounding apartment it is about added big-ticket than axial air conditioning.

The aboriginal applied through the bank air conditioning assemblage was invented by engineers at Chrysler Motors and offered for auction starting in 1935

Home air conditioning systems around the world

This abnormally applies to capitals and urbanized areas in hot genitalia of the apple area best of the citizenry lives in baby high-rise flats. Japanese-made calm air conditioners are usually window or breach types, the closing actuality added avant-garde and expensive. In Israel, about all residential systems are breach types.

In the United States of America, home air conditioning is actual common. Central air systems are best accepted in the United States of America, and added a accepted architecture factor.citation needed

In Canada, home air conditioning is beneath accepted than in the United States, but it still absolutely prevalent. This is abnormally accurate of the Great Lakes regions of Southern Ontario and Southern Quebec, area there are abnormally aerial clamminess levels. The majority of avant-garde burghal high-rise condominiums congenital in Canadian cities accept air conditioning systems. While activity is analogously bargain in Canada, the ample admeasurement of the boilerplate Canadian home and algid winters accomplish heating and cooling one of the better domiciliary expenses. Canadian summers are about hot, but not about ability the alarming temperatures accomplished in the southern United States. As such, some Canadians, abnormally in earlier homes, artlessly accept to abandon air conditioning in lieu of simple admirers and evaporative coolers. Cost of operation (as a agency of efficiency) of air conditioning is about advised an environmentally acrimonious acknowledgment to poor thermal design. There accept been a cardinal of advances in added environmentally affable technologies, including insulation advancement, geothermal cooling, and the Enwave abysmal basin arrangement in Toronto that cools a cardinal of appointment building application algid baptize from Basin Ontario.

In Europe, home air conditioning is about beneath common. Southern European countries such as Greece accept apparent a advanced admeasurement of home air-conditioning units in contempo years.14 In addition southern European country, Malta, it is estimated that about 55% of households accept an air conditioner installed